How to make your own animatronic?

I just found this forum, it’s so cool! I want to build my own animatronic and am hoping to receive some feedback or guidance. I’ve seen others online mention that it’s really difficult to find information on making animatronics for beginners. This is a great opportunity for the best minds in the CEC community to come together and help us beginners learn and build our very own animatronics. If you’re new to animatronics like me, feel free to ask questions in this thread too. If you’re one of the brilliant minds that has created an animatronic, feel free to add any advice.

To get started, here are some questions I have. I’m very grateful for any feedback!

1.) Arduino v.s. Pneumatic tubes:
I’m a complete novice on this topic so please forgive any misunderstandings. Anyways, I assume in the modern day, it’s better to use Arduino with servos rather than pneumatics that CEC/Rockafire used. Pneumatic tubes are very noisy and require loud music to mask the noise. Plus, I think they require a lot more parts such as valve banks and control boards you’d have to make. Arduino seems to be more cost effective and generally the better route for a hobbyist. Let me know my logic isn’t correct and there is a better reason to use pneumatic tubes.

2.) How to get started:
This is sort of a hard project to dive into. Any advice on where to start? Is there a book, course, tutorial, kit, or holy-grail guide you used when learning how to make animatronics? I’m having trouble figuring out how to actually get started on building one. Many tutorials I find online aren’t really similar to the animatronics of CEC. My goal is to start by creating the mechanics for a head (eyes, mouth, moving head), but I think starting out with just eyes is probably the first starting point for a beginner.

3.) Parts:
What are common parts you need to build an animatronic? Understanding which parts to buy/make is difficult since I am totally new to animatronics. For example, what type of Arduino boards do you use, what kind of mechanics do you use for certain parts of your animatronic? I understand that many people 3D print parts these days. How do they know what type of part to print to, say, make the mouth?

4.) Resources:
What websites do you use to find parts to 3D print for your animatronic?

5.) Programming:
I’ve seen that Bottango is used to program Arduino animatronics. Is this software recommended? If there are any others you recommend, please let us know.

6.) Cosmetics/Masks:
How can we make the cosmetics for an animatronic? I understand we can use latex masks, or, construct the appearance out of fabric. Is it standard to create the mask in 3D software like Blender, and then 3D print the mask out as a mold, and fill the mold with latex?
(I’m really bad at Blender, let me know if you have any tips or if there’s someone we can commission to make us a character mask in Blender.)

If we’re talking about a character made out of fabric, I’ve seen members of the CEC community create the heads out of foam, and then cover the foam with fabric. Any tips on what foam to use? Here’s an example (used for a walk-around costume).

Thank you for anyone who can help me and others get started to create our own animatronic. It’s something I’m very eager to do, and I hope I can learn from you guys!

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I’m not any expert on this but I can give some pointers:

  • Using an Arduino is just for controlling the animatronic, that’s agnostic to whether you use servos or pneumatics.
  • From my own research making my own bot pneumatics will be more costly because instead of just having your board power and control the servos, you have to send that output to a MAC Valve system, and then also have an air compressor to constantly supply air. I’m dealing with small desktop animatronics though and I’m sure at full scale pneumatics win out in price.
  • Probably your easiest place to start is Bottango and its kits though I’ve not personally tried them. There’s just a lot of annoying complications to getting something set up yourself.
  • 3D printed mask molds are not tested enough for there to be a viable solution yet. Basically you need something the latex is gonna stick to, and 3D print materials don’t do that. Classically its been done by making a clay mask, casting that in silicone as the mold, and then casting the latex in that. I’m personally experimenting with printing the masks directly out of TPU but I haven’t verified if its a good option yet.
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Thank you for the welcome and for the response! It’s much appreciated. That’s a shame about the 3D printed masks. Keep us updated if you find the TPU method ends up working out! This technology is developing fast, I’m sure eventually you will discover the perfect method.

After a little research, I saw someone suggest that you can make a 3D printed mold, then lay clay into that 3D printed mold. The clay will take on the shape of the printed mold. Then coat the clay with latex to make the mask. Of course, I havent tried this so I can’t attest if this is feasible.

Bottango has some cool kits, thanks for the suggestion! I wish there was a kit for a classic style animatronic :[ I found this 3D printing project which is exactly what I’m looking for: 🤖 Functional Servo Animatronic Head Mech (Rock-afire Inspired) UPDATED・ STL File for 3D printing・Cults

I still need a 3D printer. Does anyone have a suggestion for a specific model?

Can’t go wrong with basically any modern printer. Big ones are Creality, Prusa, and Bambulab. I’d just recommend looking at videos comparing their cheapest models and see which appeals.

A method that ive seen work well is to make a silicone mold of a 3d print, cast a silicone plug in that mold, and make a plaster mold of the silicone plug.